The recent passing of Maria Branyas Morera, the world’s oldest person at 117, has sparked widespread curiosity about the secrets to a remarkably long life. However, experts warn that while it might be tempting to seek advice from those who have lived beyond a century, science suggests this may not be the best approach.

Branyas attributed her longevity to factors such as tranquility, strong social connections, and a positive mindset. But according to Professor Richard Faragher, a biogerontologist at the University of Brighton, the true reasons behind extreme longevity remain elusive, and scientists continue to investigate the phenomenon.

Faragher outlines two prevailing theories. The first suggests that some individuals are simply lucky, meaning their longevity is not necessarily linked to their lifestyle choices. This concept is related to survivorship bias—the idea that just because someone lives long despite certain habits, it doesn’t mean those habits are beneficial. “Merely because you have survived smoking 60 a day doesn’t mean that smoking 60 a day is good for you,” Faragher pointed out.

The second theory centers on genetics, proposing that centenarians may possess specific genetic traits that equip them for a longer life. Despite these theories, Faragher cautions against taking health advice from centenarians, noting that many engage in habits contrary to well-established recommendations for a healthy life, such as avoiding regular exercise or smoking.

Adding to the discussion, Professor David Gems, a geneticist at University College London, emphasized the role of luck and natural variability in aging rates, even among genetically identical organisms. He cited studies on nematode worms, which, despite being genetically identical and kept under identical conditions, show significant variability in their lifespans.

While individual cases of longevity may involve luck or genetic factors, experts agree that certain measures can enhance life expectancy at the population level. David Sinclair, CEO of the International Longevity Centre, noted that improvements in healthcare, hygiene, and vaccinations have significantly boosted life expectancy over the past century. He anticipates further advances in medicine and public health will continue this trend.

Sinclair also emphasized the importance of government action to support healthier living environments, as many people face challenges in maintaining a healthy lifestyle due to external factors such as pollution or limited access to nutritious food and exercise opportunities.

Despite the allure of living to 100 or beyond, Sinclair reminds us that reaching such an age does not guarantee a carefree life. Many centenarians face significant challenges, including loneliness. “The reality is not always as positive as it seems,” Sinclair cautioned.

As scientists continue to explore the complexities of aging, the message is clear: while centenarians may offer fascinating insights, the path to a long and healthy life is best guided by science rather than anecdotal advice.